Highlights of our Work
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Clearly, the laws of physics hold and are exploited in living organisms. Speaking as a physicist,
most biological characteristics stem from the laws of classical physics that students learn in their
first year. However, crucial characteristics in organisms are governed by quantum physics,
a higher and still active area of physics. The latter characteristics are those in which
biological processes involve the jumps of electrons from one state to another state: electrons
are exemplary quantum particles. The quantum behavior of electrons cover all chemical
transformations, for example in case of formation or breaking of chemical bonds, but
it arises also in optical transitions induced through light absorption by biomolecules.
Quantum behavior of electrons in such cases is localized in single molecules, but it can
also spread over many biomolecules in a typical quantum mechanical fashion. The biomolecules
form in such case a chorus that sings in one coherent voice, rather than chatters incoherently.
This type of behavior is not only of interest to the modern biological researcher, but also to
modern physics researchers working on quantum computing. Three recent reviews summarize
fascinating quantum behavior in biology as it comes about in
vision,
photosynthesis, and
animal navigation using the earth magnetic field.
In case of vision (see
July 2003,
March 2002 and
August 2001 highlights)
twelve electrons in a molecule called retinal correlate their motion during light absorption and steer the
optically excited molecule to alter its shape, thereby initiating an extremely sensitive response to light.
In case of photosynthesis (see
April 2010,
August 2010,
March 2002 and
September 2001 highlights),
molecules of chlorophylls utilize thermal effects to optimally absorb sun light and then share the resulting
electronic excitations among themselves through quantum coherence. In case of animal navigation (see
February 2012,
July 2010,
July 2009, and
April 2007 highlights),
quantum effects apparently bring about a magnetic compass that can sense the Earth field through its
interactions of biomolecules despite the fact the interaction energy amounts to only a tiny fraction of
thermal energy present at body temperature; physicists are eager to learn the trick as it might teach
them how to build quantum computers without costly cooling to extremely low temperatures.
More on vision here,
here, and
here, on photosynthesis
here,
here and on animal navigation
here.