Yanxin Liu, Johan Strümpfer, Peter L. Freddolino, Martin Gruebele, and
Klaus Schulten.
Structural characterization of λ-repressor folding from
all-atom molecular dynamics simulations.
Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 3:1117-1123, 2012.
(PMC: 3377354)
LIU2012
The five-helix bundle -repressor fragment is a fast-folding protein. A length of
80 amino acid residues puts it on the large end among all known microsecond folders and
its size poses a computational challenge for molecular dynamics (MD) studies.
We simulated the folding of a novel -repressor fast-folding mutant
(-HG) in explicit solvent using an all-atom description. By means of a recently
developed tempering method,
we observed reversible folding and unfolding of -repressor in a 10-
microsecond trajectory. The folding kinetics was also investigated through a set of MD
simulations run at different temperatures that together covered more than 125
microseconds.
The protein was seen to fold into a native-like topology at intermediate temperature and a
slow-folding pathway was identified.
The simulations suggest new experimental observables for better monitoring the folding
process, and a novel mutation expected to accelerate -repressor folding.
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